The term “simultaneity” means the exhibition of various spaces without time and place sequences in an image using the principle of synchronicity. The term “spatial simultaneity” has been used for referring to Persian painting and Cubist paintings of Picasso. For this reason, the main objective in present paper is to identify similar and different aspects of the two aesthetic systems of Persian painting and Picasso painting each of which displays spatial simultaneity in its visual structure. Moreover, it is tried to show that “spatial simultaneity” lacks enough precision for describing Persian painting. Accordingly, similar and different aspects of the concept and visual structure of “spatial simultaneity” in Persian and Picasso paintings are explored. To fulfill the objectives of this paper, library sources and descriptive-analytical method are used to explore the concept of space and the manner of showing perspective in these two visual systems. The results of observations in this paper show that spatial simultaneity in aesthetic system of Persian painting and Picasso painting involves similarities and differences. For instance, in Persian painting, space is devoid of material constraints and it is in relation to the World of Ideas, whereas, in Picasso painting, space is perceptual and dependent on the material world. For this reason, it can be concluded that the term “spatial simultaneity” is not sufficiently precise to define visual structure of Persian painting because such term has been used for the first time to define Cubism style in painting which is not in complete correspondence with Persian painting.

Introduction: The important of comparing performance of hospitals using hospital indicators, has been made the necessary of utilizing of the application model inevitable. This study aimed to compare hospital performance key indicators simultaneity.Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional and retrospective study, 31 hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were evaluated in 2007. Selected indicators including bed occupancy rate, bed turnover rate and mean length of hospitalization were extracted by referring to Vice Treatment of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and evaluating monthly activity of the centers during 2005-2006. Obtained data compared using Excel software and Pobon Lasso charts.Results: There were 3 (10 percent) hospitals in Quadrant I, 12 (39 percent) hospitals in Quadrant II, 14 (45 percent) hospitals in Quadrant III and 2 (6%) hospitals in Quadrant IV of Pobon Lasso chart in 2005.There were 2 (6 percent) hospitals in Quadrant I, 14 (45 percent) hospitals in Quadrant II, 13 (43 percent) hospitals in Quadrant III and 2 (6%) hospitals in Quadrant IV in 2006.Conclusion: Pobon Lasso chart help us to compare the three key indicators of hospital performance simultaneity in addition to assessment of centers performance in respect of governance. It is recommended that hospital administrators evaluate hospital efficiency through this method which considered as one of the active methods in identifying the problem. This analysis can be a useful guide in planning performance improvement for the center.

The simultaneous support of the Weak (the Oppressed) and the fi ght for saving the oppressed and deprived nations throughout the world is the unique ideals of the Islamic Revolution. The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the first constitution in the world that has realized the ideal of "human felicity throughout the human society" and has put Iran's principles of foreign policy based on" saving the deprived and oppressed nations" and "unfailing support of the world's oppressed". The theory of "Support Responsibility" based on human rights and humanitarian purpose, in order to compromise the sovereignty of the state and the need for international support against the crimes against humanity of man is presented. In this article, the moral principles which are embodied in the theory of support Responsibility alignment with the Islamic revolution's discourse is discussed.

Background and Aim: The Persian Staggered Spondaic Word (P-SSW) test has been developed as a tool for identifying auditory processing disorders in Persian speakers. Utilizing the concept of perceptual simultaneity, the test was rigorously examined for psychometric reliability. Normative data were established, confirming its validity and suitability for clinical use in Persian-speaking populations. Methods: The test was developed by optimizing the materials and using perceptual simultaneity. The test psychometric properties were also assessed and the test-retest reliability was evaluated after four weeks. This study recruited 380 participants. 24 experts evaluated the content validity. 42 individuals provided comments for the face validity verification. 213 healthy individuals were recruited to evaluate the psychometric properties. Results: The content and face validity were confirmed. Insignificant differences were observed between the two genders. Significant differences were found in the total score and different conditions among specific age groups. Significant and positive correlations were observed between the test and retest scores (r>0. 8). Conclusion: Auditory processing can be assessed in Persian speakers using the P-SSW test as a valid and reliable instrument. Perceptual simultaneity might be the most appropriate technique to develop this test given the potential effects of other methods on the results.

Le présent article est le résultat d'une étude du roman de Romain Gary, Les racines du ciel (1956), qui vise à fournir une critique psychologique de la simultanéité de la Métamorphose et de la Modernité du point de vue de Carl Gustav Jung. La Métamorphose de l'homme moderne s'opère derrière l'oubli de sa véritable identité. Romain Gary essaie d'expliquer les problèmes individuels des gens face à la modernité brutale de la vie quotidienne avec des métaphores et des métamorphoses. En fait, il cherche son identité perdue à travers les lignes de ses œuvres. Il vit dans différents pays avec des noms différents. De son enfance jusqu'à sa mort, il a connu différentes vies, dont l'une a suffi à faire d'un être humain ordinaire un écrivain unique. Dans cet article, l'analyse de l'intensité des sentiments face à la modernité et la crise d'identité qui en résulte dans les sociétés d'aujourd'hui et une meilleure compréhension des raisons profondes et inconscientes de la métamorphose des héros de Romain Gary et de leur processus mental sont envisagées. L'un des moyens efficaces de sortir de la crise de désintégration de la personnalité dans les sociétés modernes est la connaissance de soi à travers la lecture jungienne des œuvres de grands écrivains tels que Romain Gary, l'analyse et l'étude de la profondeur des sentiments de leurs héros et la reconnaissance des facteurs qui ont conduit à ce phénomène omniprésent. Ici reconnaître la crise d'identité du point de vue de Jung est examiné dans ce roman important.

Background and Objective: Social anxiety disorder characterized by fear of negative evaluation by others, high levels of anxiety and avoidance of social and functionally situations. the goal of the present study was to determine the role of anxiety sensitivity and emotional regulation in prediction of social anxiety.Method: In this correlation study, 261 Tehran Shahed University students were selected by random sampling method and answered Anxiety Sensitivity, Emotion Regulation and Social Phobia Questionnaire and data analyzed by Enter regression analysis.Results: Results that obtained from Enter regression analysis indicated the significant relationship between all components of anxiety sensitivity (t=3.38, 2.66, 5.37, p<0.001) and Emotional Regulation (t=3.90, 2.63, p<0.001) with social anxiety.Conclusion: Therefore the results supported the effects of anxiety sensitivity and emotional regulation on social anxiety.

Understanding the meaning of the words of the Holy Qur'an is of special importance for us as Muslims. One of the Qur'anic words is the word Qunut (despondence). According to the Qur'anic usages of the word qunut and its derivatives, it can be said that "qunut" is a state along with dissatisfaction, extreme sadness, excessive sadness and abnormal despair. This state occurs mostly in worldly affairs, ingratitude, fatigue, boredom, and restlessness, and its origin is factors such as not achieving the expected conditions, deprivation of personal interests, suspicion of God, not knowing God, neglecting God's mercy, focusing on the blessings and forgetting the benefactor, the feeling of not being shown mercy while he is in dire need of that mercy, and exclusive attention to normal causes of the world of creation. These factors cause the state of qunut to be created in humans normally. This study examines this word using a library and descriptive-analytical method via the semantic field method of Izutsu. So far, no research has been done about the word "Qunut" in this way.

Due to transmission losses and lack of initial flow, flood routing in ephemeral streams is not possible with common methods and it is necessary the flood routing models have been developed for these streams. Therefore in this study a computer model for natural river cross section has been developed in that after linearization of partial differential equations of unsteady none uniform flow, they are solved by stagger method. This model can consider tributary flow and infiltration into river bed simultaneity. For estimation of transmission losses Muscat, Davis-Wilson, and Ingham methods have used and liked with unsteady flow equations in prepared model.Evaluation of model accuracy viewpoint programming, ability to simulate uniform flow and satisfying the continuity equation performed using 60 Garasoo River cross sections in a reach with about 18 km length. Lane’s hydrograph and Hughes Wash river properties were used to investigation model accuracy to estimate flow behavior and transmission losses. The result showed that prepared model can simulate uniform flow and satisfies continuity equation with height accuracy. Additionally when Muscat relation is used developed model can predict start and peak flood times correctly. Also transmission losses and volume of output hydrograph have predicted with maximum error less than 20 percent. While application of Davis – Wilson and Ingham relations showed unsatisfied result compare in situ measurement data.

Marriage has always been one of the most important and inseparable aspects of human life and has undergone various changes throughout history and is influenced by social, economic and cultural factors of societies. Today, marriage is seen in the lives of some students while studying. Therefore, understanding the lived experience of these people is needed in order to provide appropriate information to discover and examine the strengths and weaknesses and design appropriate and acceptable interventions. The aim of this study was to explain the lived experiences of students who get married simulataneously as they study. In this qualitative study with phenomenological approach, 14 married students of the University of Tehran were selected to participate in the study by available sampling. To collect data, semistructured interviews were used and then thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the experience of "education at the same time as marriage" had four main categories including: prerequisites, positive dimensions and development, challenges and solutions. The results of the present study showed that the simultaneity of marriage and education has positive aspects that can be helpful and cause growth. On the other hand, this simultaneity also includes challenges that couples' support for each other and the existence of a support network in their lives can reduce its difficulty and help young people to overcome problems and challenges.